Metabolic

Aim: To study biochemical changes in women with breast cancer according to treatment protocols, with emphasis on liver and metabolic markers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study of 141 women including chemotherapy only (n=50), newly diagnosed n=46 and chemotherapy + metformin n=45 was conducted. The glucose, albumin, ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine and total bilirubin were determined in venous samples of blood by standard enzymatic methods. Data were presented as mea

Adverse drug events are common in psychiatric inpatient care because polypharmacy is frequent and metabolic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus are prevalent. When nonspecific symptoms and reduced food intake are not promptly managed, clinically significant metabolic deterioration may be missed. We report a medicolegal autopsy case in which a review of nursing records, a postmortem investigation, and toxicology helped reconstruct a medication-related adverse event trajectory in a psychiatric

Metabolic syndrome affects over 30% of the global population and is characterised by insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia, all of which significantly increase the development of chronic metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Over time, existing antihyperglycaemic treatments typically become ineffective due to changes in disease progression, highlighting the importance for the continued development of new therapeutic agents which exert their effects through divers

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) recurrence following liver transplantation occurs in 11%-24% of recipients, typically months to years posttransplant. Early recurrence (<6 months) is extremely rare. We present a 40-year-old woman with obesity and remote kidney transplant who underwent liver transplantation for MASH cirrhosis. At 10 weeks posttransplant, she developed acute cellular rejection and 68% steatosis, progressing to >95% steatohepatitis with F1 fibrosis within 6 d

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) lineage commitment contributes to metabolic bone diseases, but whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates osteo-adipogenic fate remains unclear. Here, RNA sequencing was performed to identify potential pathways regulated by GLP-1 in BMSCs, followed by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, BMSC-specific Hif-2α knockout mice with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis were treated with semaglutide to evaluate skeletal effects. GLP-1 suppr

Phenformin is a biguanide-class antidiabetic drug and has demonstrated anticancer activity in various malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), which often develops chemoresistance, remains a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. While metformin has been widely studied, there is a need for more potent metabolic disruptors to overcome EOC progression. In this study, we examined the efficacy of phenformin in EOC with both in vitro and in vivo animal models. Cytotoxicity of phenformin was dete

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. Weight loss via positive health behavioral change is the cornerstone of management of MASLD. However, this is a huge challenge for many patients, highlighting the need for effective pharmacological therapies. Two pharmacological agents have received conditional approval for the treatment of metab

Metformin, a commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to its high water solubility and resistance to degradation in conventional wastewater treatment systems. While the ecotoxicological risks of metformin at environmentally relevant concentrations to wild organisms remain unclear. In this study, adult male frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus were exposed to metformin at 0, 10, and 100 µg/L for 21 days to assess hepatotoxicity and metabolic disruption

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become pivotal in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their ability to improve glycemic control and promote weight loss. Beyond their metabolic benefits, emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs may exert anticancer effects by modulating critical biological pathways involved in tumorigenesis, including insulin signaling, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Current evidence derived from observational and secondary analyses

Significant weight gain is a concerning adverse effect of antipsychotic medications experienced by patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Its high prevalence and significant contribution to cardiometabolic morbidity in this population warrant better consensus on the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and related comorbidity. To evaluate the association between pharmacological interventions and changes in body weight among antipsychotic-treated patients with SSDs. Ovi

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used in adolescents with overweight or obesity, but their comparative effects on cardiometabolic outcomes across different agents remain uncertain. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different GLP-1RAs on key cardiometabolic parameters in adolescents with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have transformed the management of obesity in adults and are now gaining attention in pediatric populations facing a dramatic rise of obesity prevalence and related comorbidities. In addition to weight loss, their role extends to cardiometabolic effects and improvements of kidney function. Liraglutide and semaglutide have demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy in adolescents, leading to FDA and EMA approvals for patients ≥12 years. Ongoin

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for glycemic control and weight management, especially semaglutide. Potential benefits of GLP-1RAs in asthma, especially in eosinophilic phenotypes, prompt growing scientific interest. To investigate the impact of semaglutide on eosinophilic inflammation and to identify clinical and metabolic determinants of eosinophil reduction after treatment. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study in Shanghai, China. Eligible subj

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains therapeutically anchored to vasopressin V2-receptor antagonism, yet progression heterogeneity and persistent unmet need increasingly suggest residual disease biology beyond cAMP-centered control. Converging experimental and observational human phenotype data suggest that metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired fatty-acid oxidation, obesity, and visceral adiposity may modify cyst growth, kidney-volume expansion, eGF

Femoral shaft fractures cause prolonged disability, and therapies that accelerate bone repair remain limited. Repurposing clinically approved drugs that target biological bottlenecks in healing is a promising strategy. This study investigated whether systemic metformin administration, an anti-diabetic medication with known metabolic regulatory effects, enhances fracture repair in a rat open femoral shaft fracture model. Histological, immunofluorescent, micro-CT, and biomechanical analyses were p

Estimate and compare rates of cardiometabolic blood screening, elevated results and clinical follow-up actions for Māori and non-Māori mental health service users with psychosis in Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand. A retrospective cohort study (N = 3840) with dynamic entry was conducted with people aged 18-64 years with a psychosis diagnosis in Canterbury Specialist Mental Health Service (1 August 2012 to 31 December 2019). Linked administrative data captured lipid and HbA1c screening within 1 y

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects 25-30% of the global population, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region showing some of the highest prevalence rates, reaching up to 40%. MAFLD is a common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is a leading indication for liver transplantation in this region. Hitherto, there have been no specific pharmacotherapies for MAFLD. However, the recent conditional approval of resmetirom and semaglutide by the

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurological disorders are rapidly converging global health burdens, driven by population ageing, the growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and limited early detection and disease-modifying therapies for many neurological syndromes. Beyond its established role in diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy, DM is increasingly implicated as a modifier of risk, phenotype, and prognosis across a wide range of central and peripheral nervous system diseases. In this narrativ

Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the ALMS1 gene. The condition is characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including cone-rod dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, metabolic disturbances, and progressive multiorgan involvement. Ciliopathies share considerable clinical overlap, and some cases present with features that resemble AS without meeting all diagnostic criteria. This study aims to identify the pathog

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is regularly used to treat locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) with toxicities, including metabolic syndrome (MS) and associated adverse hormonal changes. This study evaluated whether metformin mitigates changes in laboratory biomarkers associated with MS and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in PCa patients receiving ADT. PRIME is a phase III double-blind, randomized controlled trial in which 166 normoglycemic patients with PCa receiving ADT w